Relearning a forgotten language is easier for those under 40 A small study involving 7 native English speakers who had learned either Hindi or Zulu as children when living abroad, but now had no memory of the neglected language, found that the three who were under 40 could relearn certain phonemes that are difficult for native English speakers to recognize, but those over 40, like those who had never been exposed to the language in childhood, could not. The amount of experience of exposure in childhood ranged from 4 to 10 years, and it’s especially…

Language learning is a highly cumulative process. It is like making a tower out of blocks: you keep building on top of what you did the day before. If you don’t keep at the job steadily, pretty soon you’re trying to put new blocks on top of empty space. Thus it is important to keep up with and learn what is being presented to you about a language day by day. The following is a list of suggestions which may aid you in your study of a foreign language. As the four major parts to…

Sometimes we talk about “students” as if they are a more or less homogeneous group and that there should be a set of learning and teaching methods that would work well for all of them. However, learners vary considerably, and there is no reason for us to believe that they should all go about language learning in the same way. In the language teaching profession, this point is often made when talking about learning styles. One contrasting set of learning styles that has received much attention has to do with learners’ sensory preferences, with learners…

An important truth of language learning is that it requires mastery of a skill as much as acquisition of knowledge. In other words, it is not enough for students to know word meanings and structure rules; students need to be able to apply this knowledge quickly, even automatically, to express themselves smoothly, read competently, and comprehend spoken English rapidly. To build these skills, practice is necessary; study alone will not suffice. Again, this point might seem obvious, but remember the unintended lessons that many approaches to language teaching leave students with. For many students, language…

Bilingualism delays onset of Alzheimer’s symptoms A study confirms the dramatic effect of being bilingual, with bilingual speakers being diagnosed with Alzheimer’s more than 4 years later than monoglots. Clinical records of 211 patients diagnosed with probable Alzheimer’s disease have revealed that those who have spoken two or more languages consistently over many years experienced a delay in the onset of their symptoms by as much as five years. It’s thought that lifelong bilingualism may contribute to cognitive reserve in the brain, enabling it to compensate for memory loss, confusion, and difficulties with problem-solving and…

Vocabulary acquisition in children is significantly affected by the child’s ability to repeat back words. This limitation becomes less as the individual gains a large vocabulary, and thus develops a greater ability to make semantic (meaningful) associations. When learning a new language, your ability to repeat back unfamiliar words is only a factor where you are unable to form a meaningful association to a familiar word. In such cases, the keyword mnemonic can be especially useful to those with limited ability to repeat back words. Research with children has demonstrated that the ability to learn…

Learning to pronounce the language in a clear way is a very important learning goal. Clear pronunciation will help you to be better understood by native speakers, and they will also appreciate your efforts. Like other aspects of language knowledge, it is helped if there is the opportunity to listen to the language (meaning-focused input), to speak (meaning-focused output), to study aspects of pronunciation (language-focused learning), and to get fluent in listening to and speaking about easy familiar topics (fluency development). Young children seem to have little need for language-focused learning to develop their pronunciation…

Words typically occur with other words to make up phrases. Most of these phrases have a meaning that is closely related to the meanings of the words that they contain, for example, next week, six o’clock, strong tea, in a minute. For some phrases, the relationship between the meaning of the phrase and the words it contains is not quite so clear, but there is still a strong connection. For example, kill two birds with one stone, see the light at the end of the tunnel, you know, for instance, think about. For a small…

Exposure to two languages carries far-reaching benefits A new study provides evidence that bilingual speakers find it easier to learn a new language than those who only know one language. The study compared the ability of three groups of native English speakers – English-Mandarin bilinguals, English-Spanish bilinguals and monolinguals – to master words in an invented language that bore no relationship to English, Spanish or Mandarin. The bilingual participants mastered nearly twice the number of words as the monolinguals. The finding adds more support to the value of introducing another language to children at a…

Are you thinking to self-publish your book but are not totally sure which publisher to choose? We have listed 5 most popular publishers and provided a brief description of each one: CreateSpace CreateSpace was acquired by Amazon in 2005. CreateSpace enables authors to publish e-books for Kindle, as well as hard copied for Amazon. CreateSpace also offers distribution for additional fees. It is free to create e-book for Kindle on CreateSpace. For a 300-pages book, it would cost around $4.5 to use their printing-on-demand service. If the same book is placed on Amazon.com for $15,…